How to Find the Perfect Tattoo Design 100+ Ideas and 17 Styles

How to Find the Perfect Tattoo Design 100+ Ideas and 17 Styles SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Considering a tattoo? Want tons of tattoo ideas and designs to choose from? This is the perfect guide for you. Body art can be an fun way to show off your personality, but you want to make sure to pick a tattoo design you really love. I'll explain the different styles of tattooing and common sources of inspiration to help you brainstorm awesome tattoo ideas. We'll cover 17 awesome styles that are popular worldwide. The tips and pictures in this post will guide you through envisioning a tattoo design that you'll be happy to display on your body for years to come. Why Get a Tattoo? Tattoos have exploded in popularity over the course of the past few years. In more and more instances, they're accepted in the workplace and in society in general as a common form of creative self-expression. Tattoos can serve as permanent reminders of something that’s meaningful to you or just decorations to spice up the blank canvas of your body. Tattoo artists have developed all kinds of different styles and techniques to create unique pieces that are personal to each client. This guide will teach you all about the different subtypes of tattoo ideas and designs. I’ve divided them into four larger categories: abstract, illustrative, realistic, and lettering. Keep in mind that these aren't rigid categories - the styles often blend together and overlap, which is what makes creating your own personalized tattoo so much fun. After you review the different tattoo designs and consider which ones appeal to you, you can brainstorm your own tattoo ideas. In the second part of the guide, I’ve included a list of various themes that may inspire you in your quest for a tattoo that perfectly compliments your personality! Tattoo Ideas: 17 Cool Styles This section contains a list of every possible tattoo style in categories that range from the completely abstract to the photorealistic. Use these styles as a jumping off point to think about which type of imagery will fit best with the content of your personalized tattoo idea. Here's a table of contents for what we'll cover: Abstract Tattoos Biomechanical and Bio-organic Blackwork and Tribal Dotwork and Pointillism Geometric Watercolor Illustrative American Traditional Japanese New School Sketch Work Surrealism Realistic Neo-Traditional Neo-Japanese Portraiture Black and Grey Horror Trash Polka Lettering Abstract Tattoos These tattoo ideas are comprised of shapes, patterns, dots, and splashes of color. While some of them may also include figurative elements, they are based in a spirit of freeform art and are usually concerned more with aesthetics than with conveying a specific meaning. Style #1: Biomechanical and Bio-Organic Biomechanical and bio-organic tattoos are designed based on the natural flow of systems in the human body. Biomechanical tattoo designs mimic the inner workings of the body through patterns that evoke some sort of half-cyborg alien creature. Bio-organic tattoos are similar to biomechanical tattoos except they feature patterns reminiscent of organic organisms rather than machines. These tattoos are often extremely intricate, creating 3-D illusions that make it appear as though your skin has been ripped open to reveal the strange being within. They're great for sci-fi nerds, people who are interested in machines and robots, or anyone who is fascinated by the functioning of the human body. Style #2: Blackwork (and Tribal Tattoos) Blackwork tattoo ideas use only black ink to render images, designs or patterns. The style uses thick and bold black lines in a variety of geometric shapes. Blackwork tattoos are popular for their elegance and versatility and often come in the form of mandalas or other elaborate patterns. Blackwork tattoo designs derived from figurative line drawings are also common because the bold contrast created by the ink leads to a simple but powerful image. Blackwork tattoo designs originally emerged out of the cultural tradition of tribal tattoos. These tattoos mainly come from the symbolism of Polynesian tribal peoples, including Maori and Samoans. You can make tribal tattoos more relevant to your identity if you find specific symbols that mean something to you to incorporate into the tattoo. Style #3: Dotwork/Pointillism This is a style of tattooing that renders images, designs and patterns entirely through the use of dots. Shading and depth is created by varying the distances between the dots. Though I've decided to put it in the abstract category, dotwork can be either abstract or realistic. Common imagery includes sacred geometry and portraiture. Like blackwork, this tattoo idea is a sophisticated and minimalist approach to tattooing. Style #4: Geometric Geometric tattoo designs are created using only lines and geometric shapes. They differ from blackwork because color is typically incorporated into the design. These types of tattoo designs can vary dramatically in their look and feel, ranging from simple designs of single shapes to sleeves of intricate interlocking forms. They can make very powerful statements in subtle ways. Style #5: Watercolor Watercolor tattoos use splashes and streaks of color to give the impression of paint on canvas or paper. They lack all outlines and imitate the aesthetics of watercolor paintings. They are sometimes combined with realism or solid outlines and typically display bright colors and natural themes. These tattoos have gained popularity recently for their traditional artistic flair and delicate beauty. Illustrative Tattoos This category includes tattoo ideas that depict recognizable objects in exaggerated or stylized forms. These styles provide an awesome means of customizing your own unique tattoo ideas. Style #1: American Traditional This style uses bold black outlines and a well-saturated color palette consisting mainly of primary colors. It was originally popularized by men in the US Navy. This is what most people picture when they imagine classic tattoos (think "Mom" in a heart on the bicep of an enormous dude). Style #2: Traditional Japanese (Irezumi) Like American traditional, the Japanese tattoo style is based on bold black outlines and minimal shading, but it typically features images inspired by traditional Japanese art and nature as well as creatures and characters from Japanese folklore. Imagery typically consists of lotus flowers, koi fish, tigers, warriors and waves. This is a sophisticated, intricate style of tattooing that can look beautiful and peaceful or totally badass (or even both at the same time!). Style #3: New School New School is an animated, exaggerated style of tattooing. Images are usually caricatures of characters doing unexpected things and are influenced by graffiti and hip-hop artistic techniques and styles. That means bright colors and amplified dimensions and features. If you love cartoons and want a really fun and unusual tattoo idea, this might be a good tattoo design style for you. Style #4: Sketch Work Sketch work tattoos imitate the rough aesthetic of an artist’s sketchbook. They usually show unfinished images or designs including partially colored in sections and unclear outlines. If you’re really into comic books and the sketchy style of that world, you could get a tattoo that adopts the same style. Style #5: Surrealism This style consists of imaginary images, mashed up styles, and fantastical creations. If you’re familiar with surrealist artists (Salvador Dali being the most famous) you can see how this style has evolved as a byproduct of their work. Surrealism is different from New School because it’s rarely cartoonish. It’s just strange combinations of objects or portraits that may be rendered in a realistic style but are combined in nonsensical ways. If you want a tattoo design that’s unnerving but not outright horrific you might look at surreal tattoos for inspiration. Realistic Tattoos Realism is a tattoo design style that recreates images as they would appear in life. It lacks the bold outlines found in more traditional forms of tattooing and instead uses shading and color contrasts to render the image. Some of the types of tattoos mentioned above may incorporate realistic elements, but the styles in this section are the ones that are most prone to using realism. Style #1: Neo-Traditional This is a modern twist on American traditional tattooing in which more realistic depth, shading, color and detail are added to traditional conventions. They present similar subject matter to traditional tattoos but with an updated stylistic flair. If you like American traditional tattoos but want to sport something that’s a bit more unique and up-to-date, you should investigate this style. Style #2: Neo-Japanese This is the same as neo-traditional tattooing except it’s an update to traditional Japanese tattoos. Again, more realistic depth, shading, color, and detail are added to traditional Japanese style conventions. Similarly, if you like traditional Japanese tattoos but want a little more realism to make the images really pop, you should look into this style. Style #3: Portraiture In portraiture, a portrait of someone is recreated as a tattoo. Realistic portraits can be created either in color or black and grey. They’re often made by using a stencil over a pre-existing photograph or image in order to get an exact likeness. Portraiture is used to memorialize people or depict iconic celebrities or personal heroes. Tattoo portraits are really tough to do well, so you should conduct quite a bit of research before settling on an artist that you trust. Style #4: Black and Grey Black and grey tattooing only uses black ink and water. Tattooists water down the black ink to make it softer and more grey so they can create shades, hues and color contrasts. Some artists also use actual grey ink and white ink for highlights. Black and grey tattoos can be very evocative and creepy, so if you’re going with a more serious theme this is a good style tattoo idea. Style #5: Horror These are tattoos dealing with dark or morbid subject matter. Subjects include portraits of characters from horror films, freehanded monsters, and many other forms of creepy imagery. Typically, black and grey horror is done on a large scale as a full sleeve (like in the image below) or back piece. If you’re a big horror fan and want to make yourself look kinda scary, check out these cool tattoo ideas. Style #6: Trash Polka Trash polka tattoos feature black and red color schemes characterized by collage-like images featuring moments of realism, lettering, and abstract or geometric shapes. They include painterly elements like smears and smudges as well as surreal and realistic images to create a chaotic look. These tattoos are more about the overall look than the deeper meaning- they are often pure decorative pieces from the mind of the tattoo artist. This is a divisive new style, but some people really love it because it makes such a bold statement. Lettering or Script Tattoos Lettering ranges from simple tattoos of letters and words in standard fonts to highly stylized custom pieces. You can do many, many different things with script depending on how long the message is. Some lettering tattoos are so elaborate that the words become art pieces that only read as letters when you look more closely. Others are just plain printing without any extra flair. It all depends on your personal style! Brainstorming: What Are You Looking for in a Tattoo? A tattoo idea doesn’t have to have deep metaphorical significance, but you should definitely make sure it’s something you're thrilled to display on your body indefinitely. Plenty of people get tattoos just because they look cool, and there’s nothing wrong with that! Think about exactly why you want a tattoo and what you hope to get out of it. Here’s a list of some themes and aesthetic qualities that you might consider incorporating into your tattoo design depending on what you want it to mean to you: Depiction of a Hobby or Passion Symbols of the activities you love can make great tattoos because these passions are unlikely to change too much throughout your life. For example, if you really enjoy kayaking, you could get a tattoo of a paddle. If you love knitting, you could get a tattoo of a yarn ball (and eventually be a super cool grandma). Reminder of a Fun Experience Tattoos can be a way to preserve memories of great times in your life. For example, if you and your friends went on an awesome hiking and camping trip, you could get a tattoo of the outline of the mountain range. If you went to Paris, you could get a little croissant tattoo (or a tattoo of a creepy mime if you’re weird like me). The tattoo idea could also be a reference to an experience from your childhood that you’ve treasured over the years. Your Favorite [Fill in the Blank] Favorite things make fun tattoos that can have all kinds of different connotations. Think about your favorite animal, food, flower, place, fictional character, book, movie, team, or game. Branch out from there to come up with a way of depicting your favorite thing in tattoo form. You can even decide to combine several favorite things into one tattoo design. If your favorite animal is a wolf, your favorite food is steak, and your favorite basketball team is the Miami Heat, you could get a tattoo of a wolf eating steak and wearing a Miami Heat hat. The more unique the better! Honoring a Child, Friend, or Relative Some people get tattoos as tributes to others who have made strong impacts on their lives. These tattoos often consist of portraits, significant dates (birth or death), or that person’s favorite animal or some other icon associated with them. A tattoo can help in the grieving process for a loved one, or it can celebrate new life. Showing Pride in Your Identity or Struggles You’ve Overcome Many people get tattoos to commemorate personal breakthroughs or turning points in their lives. This might mean a symbol of recovery from addiction or mental health problems or a marker of another positive achievement in your life like graduating from college or embracing your sexuality. This theme ties into tattoo designs that are about identity. These could include religious iconography, the flag of your home country or a symbol of the state in which you were born, a symbol of your ancestral heritage, the symbol of a group you belong to or support, or an astrological sign. A Significant Phrase or Quote Is there a quote that you feel sums up your life philosophy (or your goals for your life philosophy)? Many people get lettering tattoos of quotes or meaningful sayings to remind them of what they stand for and how they hope to approach challenges in their lives. These quotes or sayings might be verses from religious texts, a quote from a favorite author or thinker, an adage, or a song lyric. Pure Aesthetics Maybe your more interested in a tattoo that just looks a certain way? There are a lot of different aesthetics for tattoo designs - you can choose whichever appeals to you. Something Beautiful or Cute If you just want your tattoo to look pretty, you have many options. Choosing an image from nature is usually a safe bet if you want the tattoo to have staying power. You might consider koi fish, birds, roses or other flowers, trees, a moon or sun, a dreamcatcher, a butterfly, a wave, or anything else you can think of that looks cute. When you’re judging tattoo ideas based on aesthetics it’s a good idea to search extensively for inspiration so you can get an idea of what different images look like in certain places on the body. Something Funny or Goofy Maybe you’re looking for tattoo ideas that take themselves a little less seriously. Cartoonish monsters, animals wearing clothing, or other surreal tattoos that are more amusing than creepy are all fun options. Just make sure you're confident that it will still be funny a few years from now! Jokes usually have expiration dates, but tattoos definitely don't. Something Badass, Scary, or Just Plain Awesome Want to terrify people and/or leave them completely awestruck? Tattoo artists can create crazy horror scenes that incorporate many different elements (or subtler small but scary tattoos if you’re less of a showman). Some elements you might consider weaving into these types of tattoos are skulls and skeletons, weapons, vicious animals, zombies, the grim reaper and other symbols of death (gravestones, etc), clocks, pentagrams, your favorite horror characters, haunted houses, eyeballs, insects and other creepy crawlies, demons and gargoyles, dragons, and more! Abstract Designs Designs make great tattoos even if they’re just random creations from the mind of the artist. If you want this type of tattoo, think about whether you would like it to be black and white or in color. If it’s in color, which colors do you want to include? Do you want a design that evokes organic flow and movement or a more rigid geometric or mechanical design? Do you just want the design, or would you like to incorporate figurative elements into the tattoo as well? Even very simple abstract tattoos can be extremely cool, like this one: Practical Concerns for Tattoo Ideas Style and content aren't the only things you should take into account if you're considering getting a tattoo. Ensuring that the procedure is within your budget and the tattoo has staying power are factors that are less fun to think about but are just as crucial if you want to avoid buyer's remorse in an industry where there are no easy returns. Pricing The cost of a tattoo can vary depending on the artist, the tattoo's location, the number of colors that are used, and the size. Some tattoo artists charge more than others because they can afford to do so based on their reputations. Usually, tattoo artists in big cities charge more than those who are less centrally located. Established tattoo artists typically charge at least $150 an hour for their work, and in most cases you will have to pay the fee for one hour regardless of whether it takes the artist the full 60 minutes to complete your design. Even if you go to a beginner tattoo artist, you'll probably spend at least $80 on your tattoo. The more colorful the tattoo design, the more expensive it will be. Incorporating lots of colors means more time, and most tattoo artists charge by the hour in case a project takes longer than anticipated. If you want a cheaper tattoo, you should go with blackwork. Tattoos that are done on sensitive areas of the body are also more expensive because the tattoo artist has to be more careful. Sensitive areas include your hands, feet, neck, sternum, and genitals. Perhaps the biggest factor that will impact the cost of the tattoo is its size and level of detail. A full back tattoo with a ton of detail will obviously take way more time than a tattoo of a couple of triangles on your arm.' Longevity There's a reason why some tattoos last longer than others. Darker colors are less likely to fade over time while very vibrant and very pale colors will fade more quickly (like in the picture below). In general, warm colors fade faster than cool colors. However, any tattoo can fade if you don't take good care of it. Listening to the tattoo artist and providing the correct aftercare for your tattoo is extremely important if you want the colors to pop for a long time. If you're a fan of tanning, you should also know that tattoos fade more quickly with exposure to the sun. The location of the tattoo also plays a part in how well it ages - tattoos on the legs, upper arms, and chest are most likely to get warped with age because these are the areas of your body that change the most over time. Tattoos on your fingers can also fade because we use our hands so frequently and the skin is closer to the bone, so if you're planning to get a cute little hipster triangle on your finger, you should keep this in mind. Size can also play a part in a tattoo's longevity. A common mistake that people make with their first tattoo is that they get it too small. If a tattoo is really small, especially if it involves lettering, it can all start to mush together over time and look like nothing. Don't shy away from making your tattoo a little bigger and bolder so that it won't become a random splotch years down the road. Deciding on a Tattoo Design Hopefully this article gave you some inspiration for the design of what is sure to be your latest and greatest tattoo! If you've come up with a tattoo idea you love, you can start searching for tattoo artists in your area and ask for a consultation to see if they have any suggestions for improving your design. If you're not ready to take that step quite yet, you can experiment with temporary tattoos to see how you feel about your design and how it looks on your body without making a long-term commitment. Some people think about a tattoo idea for years before actually going through with it. It's always smart to put a lot of thought into the process so that you end up with a tattoo that's meaningful to you (and also makes your friends incredibly jealous).

The Difference Between Iran and Iraq

The Difference Between Iran and Iraq Iran and Iraq share a 900-mile border and three-quarters of their names. However, the two countries have different histories and cultures, influenced by shared and unique invaders, emperors, and foreign rules alike.   Many people in the western world, unfortunately, tend to get the two nations confused. This can be insulting to Iranians and Iraqis, who have fought a number of wars against one another over the millennia to assert the independence of each nations governance. Where there may be similarities between these two rival neighbors, there are also significant differences between Iraq and Iran, pitting each against the other for centuries as everyone from the Mongols to Americans invaded their countries, only to later be run off by their military powers. The Differences Iran, pronounced ​ih-RON instead of AY-ran roughly translates in English to mean Land of the Aryans while the name Iraq, similarly pronounced ih-ROCK instead of AY-rack comes from an Uruk (Erech) word for city. Both countries have also been known by different names, Persia for Iran and Mesopotamia for Iraq.   Geographically, the two regions differ in more aspects than just their shared border. The capital city of Iran is Tehran while Baghdad serves as the seat of centralized power in Iraq. Iran ranks 18th largest country in the world at 636,000 square miles while Iraq ranks 58th at 169,000 square miles. Their populations differ proportionally, too. Iran boasts 80 million citizens to Iraqs 31 million. The ancient empires that once ruled the people of these modern-day nations are also vastly different. Iran was ruled in ancient times by the Median, Achaemenid, Seleucid, and Parthian empires while its neighbor was ruled by the Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian, and Babylonian empires. This resulted in an ethnic disparity between these nations. Most Iranians were Persian while Iraqis were of Arab heritage. Government and International Policy The government also differed in that the Islamic Republic of Iran operates within a syncretic politics format of  a theocratic Islamic governing body including a president, parliament (Majlis), Assembly of Experts, and their elected Supreme Leader. Meanwhile, Iraqs government is a Federal Constitutional government, essentially a representative democratic republic now with a president, prime minister, and Cabinet, much like the United States president.   The international landscape that influenced these governments also differed in that Iraq was invaded and reformed by the United States in 2003, unlike Iran. As a carryover from the Afghanistan War of years passed, the invasion and resulting Iraq War continued Americas involvement in Middle Eastern policy. Ultimately, they were largely responsible for implementing the representative democratic republic that is currently in place. Similarities Confusion is understandable when differentiating these neighboring Islamic nations given general common misunderstandings of Middle Eastern politics and history, which often included boundaries that changed with time and war and resulted in shared culture between neighboring nations. One of the stark similarities between Iran and Iraq is its shared national religion of Islam, with 90% of Iran and 60% of Iraq following Shia tradition while 8% and 37% follow Sunni, respectively. The Middle East has witnessed a battle for dominance between these two versions of Islam across Eurasia since its foundation in the early 600s. Certain cultural traditions associated with the religion and former rulers also carry over, as they do for much of the Islamic-majority Middle East. However, governmental policies on such religious philosophies as the necessity of hijabs for women differ nation-by-nation. Jobs, agriculture, entertainment, and even education all lend heavily on the same source material and as a result, also correlate between Iraq and Iran.   Both are also large producers of crude oil with oil reserves in Iran totaling over 136 billion barrels and Iraq having more than 115 billion barrels itself, which constitute a large portion of their exports and provide the unwanted source of political turmoil in the region as a result of foreign greed and power. The Importance of Differentiating Iraq and Iran are separate nations with unique histories. Although they are both located in the Middle East with predominantly Muslim populations, their governments and cultures differ, making for two unique nations, each on their way to independence, peace, and prosperity. Its important to understand the differences between them, especially considering that Iraq has only recently stabilized as a nation after the 2003 U.S. invasion and occupation. And, both Iraq and Iran have become major players in the continued conflicts in the Middle East. Additionally, its important to realize that the best way to differentiate Iran and Iraq and truly understand the complex issues surrounding current Middle Eastern power struggles is to look back, study these nations histories, and determine what the ideal way forward might be for their people and governments. Only with these nations pasts in mind can we truly understand their way forward.

Personal statement for hematology oncology fellowship

For hematology oncology fellowship - Personal Statement Example It was relatively new and constantly changing field. I have often been asked by colleagues why I want to be an oncologist and I tell them that the decision to become an oncologist was influenced by my own personal experiences and interactions with oncologists when my mother was treated for cancer. I was with my mother during the entire treatment and I had close communications with the oncologists treating her. Based on those experiences I was able to have a sense of what I would want done for a clos relative. I understood how I would have preferred to be informed and treated. Furthermore, working as a clinical observer in a private hematology/oncology clinic helped me to have a closer look at the specialty. Having the privilege to be in an academic setting allowed me to have direct input from hematology/oncology consults. Working with a few brilliant physicians in this field during my residency has been truly enlightening and rewarding. It has played a big role in making up my mind i n this direction. I believe oncology is one of the few specialties in internal medicine where physicians actually possess the ability to actually cure patients. Although it is not possible to prolong every patient’s life, the very knowledge that I hopefully helped to maintain an optimal quality of life is a very satisfying thing.

Merger,Acquisition,and International Strageties Assignment

Merger,Acquisition,and International Strageties - Assignment Example It has been clarified that the merger of the two companies was enhanced by the fact that AMR corporation had previously encountered numerous loses. Therefore, it was within the best interest to file a case to declare the status of bankruptcy. Therefore, the engagement into a merger concept was seen as one of the best ways that would restore the organizational, financial status back to normalcy. Initially, American airways were recognized as one of the lucrative companies in the airline industry with up to 3100 flights departing from the United States and other different parts of the world on a daily basis. An airline company with integrated customer’s carriers employed over 32,000 aviation personnel. Having played an active role in human rights network, the organization was rewarded 100 percent by the human right corporation because of the quality index and campaign for the transgender employees. By the beginning of 2012, the airline corporation started feeling the effect of financial turbulence. As such, it was declared bankrupt by the united stain the department of justice to forge ahead for the merger by the United States airways and form American Airline Inc (Bryer & Simensky, 2002). It was considered a vital step towards reviving the organizational level of competitiveness. Therefore, AMR Corporation applied to Dallas/Fort worth court and requested for bankrupt cy approval permitting merger to a United States airways group. At first the application was not very successful, but after court judge Sean Lane intervened the procedure was allowed to continue. Although the two American airline companies were given go ahead to form a merger, coming up with a single certificate took some time while the newly formed organization had already started enjoying numerous benefits. For instance, the merger was perceived to as a wise decision because it has created an open way

Defining And Analysing Astral Projection Philosophy Essay

Defining And Analysing Astral Projection Philosophy Essay Astral Projection is a conscious attempt to experience being outside of ones physical human body, while being both alive and preferably awake at the time.   It is an attempt to have a controlled OOBE or (out of body experience).   It is not linked in any way to ritualistic magic and does not rely on any particular religious or belief system.   There are techniques for achieving an OOBE.   As yet I havent heard of it being at all dangerous.   However attempting to leave ones physical body under the influence of medication or hallucinogenic drugs is seriously not recommended! What happens when people Astral Project? They have what is commonly referred to as an OOBE or out of body experience where a part of them, be it the soul or consciousness, rises up from their physical body and either travels on the physical plane or on the astral plane. What is the astral plane? A topic of debate: The astral plane however can be likened to the Akasha, namely a place where all the thoughts, memories, fantasies and dreams of everyone in the world exist. The astral plane is thought to be a fantastic place to travel in, with many different travellers, entities and levels to it.   It is said to operate at a much higher frequency than the physical plane we inhabit. It is thought that the etheric body, spirit or mind can travel on the astral plane, which is said to appear more solid than the physical plane we all inhabit, this is because in order to travel it, the etheric body has to be existing and operating at the same higher frequency.   According to some the astral plane is far more mutable than the physical and can be changed and altered simply by the power of thought. Can people learn to Astral Project at will? Yes there are techniques that can be learned but what degree of success is achieved depends solely upon the individual. Why would anyone want to have an Astral Projection?  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some people find it reassuring.   If it is possible for your consciousness to exist outside of your body, then it is also possible that your consciousness may be able to survive physical death.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some people like to use the technique for spiritual reasons, maybe wanting to be at one with the universe or for some religious reason.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some people like to try it, simply to prove that it cant be done a negative approach.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some people like to use it for their own ends.   They use it as a tool for clairvoyance to leave their bodies and go and seek out information or even spy.   The CIA set up experiments to see if people could leave their bodies to glean information from the enemy.   The CIA did it because they were convinced that the Russians were doing it.   There term for this kind of Astral Projection is called Remote Viewing.   After mixed success and possibly a lack of funding the project was eventually abandoned.   We dont know how the Russians fared.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some people want to try it just because they can try it and they just want to see what it feels like. Who first discovered Astral Projection?  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The ancient Egyptians were possibly one of the first cultures to record beliefs about the soul.   Hieroglyphics in tombs recorded hundreds of prayers that were to be said over the body of the deceased to guide the spirit on its way.   They believed that the soul ba was housed in a spirit body the Ka an exact replica of the physical body.   This on death gave way to the sahu the true spirit body that would house the ba forever.   In life the Ka and sahu were one of the same but the ka slowly diminished until only the sahu housed the ba.   However the Egyptians also believed that the Ka could leave the body during life and drew pictures of people sleeping with their Kas or souls floating above them.   This is very similar to the modern day descriptions of NDEs (Near Death Experiences).   Here the soul leaves the body at the point of death only to return again if the person is resuscitated.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Tibetans believe in the bardo body, which can leave the physical body while still alive and can also pass through physical matter because it is made of psychic material.   The bardo body can be directed wherever by will.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ancient Greeks believed in a double body, which housed the soul.   Plato believed that the soul was freed on death but could also leave the body during life and when it did it perceived the physical world as dimly lit.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dean Sheils, in research published in the Journal of the Society for Psychical Research in 1978   A Cross-cultural Study of Beliefs in Out of Body Experiences, compared the believe systems of over 60 different cultures and found that fifty four of them had some concept of astral projection or astral travel and that half of them had also believed that it is possible for this to happen consciously and while alive.   Almost half claimed that certain members of their cultures could do this at will.   Only three cultures seemed to have no concepts or beliefs about this subject.   Those that did seemed to accept it as a normal and natural part of human existence. Source: (A Beginners Guide to Astral Projection by Richard Craze Hodder Stoughton 1999 ISBN: 0340 737557 What does modern science make of it? A man called Raymond A. Moody PhD. M.D. is often thought as the father of NDEs and has written a very popular book Life after Life on the subject. According to Richard Craze in his book A Beginners Guide to Astral Projection over the last 45 years there has been a more scientific approach taken.   The first major study was done in 1951 was by someone called Muldoon and Carrington.   They collected and collated over 100 cases of OOBEs.   They found that their research did indicate a double that could live consciously outside the physical body and that could also survive the death of the individual.   Richard Crookhall has also written many books on astral projection, and he states a number of recurrent themes. What are these recurrent themes?  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some form of double.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A white light or illumination.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ability to travel at will.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inability to move or use physical objects.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Feelings of tranquility and detachment.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A clear consciousness of what is happening.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A sense of realness. How is an OOBE most likely to be brought about?  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By a NDE due to illness or exhaustion.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By an NDE due to accident.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Deliberately by people trying to leave their physical bodies.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By the application of drugs such as anesthetics.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By trauma or shock. What do the sceptics think?  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is purely a mental state explained by complex chemical reaction.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An autoscopic hallucination.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cerebral anoxia or lack of oxygen to the brain. How common is the phenomena?  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Possibly between 5 and 10% of the population, which suggests around 6 million in the U.K or as much as 30 million in the United States. Have there been reports of people seeing OOBE people while they were out?  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yes, which increases the likelihood that OOBEs are not purely tricks of the mind. How many types of OOBE are there?  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Two voluntary and involuntary, one involves a conscious effort to leave ones body where the double is rarely or only faintly seen; and involuntary, say through an accident or trauma where the double is usually seen. What is a typical OOBE?  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A typical OOBE only usually happens once in a lifetime.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most often occurs lying down either resting or just before sleeping.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is a feeling of floating or soaring, usually upwards.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is mostly adult women who experience the phenomenon although if you are a student you are even more likely to do so.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A typical case suggests some form of connection to the physical body, possibly by way of a silver cord.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are few reported cases of leaving the room, but there is a sense of realness and viewing the normal world.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Feelings of pleasantness, detachment and calmness often accompany an OOBE.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The person feels that the experience is real and although they feel the ability to go anywhere they rarely wish to do so.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   No ability or desire to change or move physical objects in their vicinity. Who has OOBEs?  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many women and more often than not students probably due to their lifestyle and interests.   They are more likely to have heard about OOBEs and possibly more keen to try it. Are OOBEs simply a form of dreaming?  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Definitely not because the sense of reality experienced is far too strong.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Scientific results show that people undergoing OOBEs are not dreaming and they are not experiencing REM. Briefly, alpha waves decrease indicating a calm state and beta waves increase indicating that the volunteer is awake.   There is an increase in heart and respiration rates suggesting the presence of some stimulus or activity. Are OOBEs like NDEs?  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An NDE or Near Death Experience is really just a different form of OOBE that is brought about when a person is at the point of death or just died.   It is more akin to passing over to the other side, seeing ones life flash before them and traveling down a dark or light tunnel towards the light, God or whatever you wish to call it. What is a typical NDE?  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   People who are seriously ill hear themselves being declared dead, upon which a series of events are triggered, such as moving quickly down a tunnel and hearing unfamiliar noises.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They find themselves at the end of the tunnel and can usually see their own bodies being worked on by medical staff.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They sense that they have a form of body somewhat different to the one that they left behind and also become aware of deceased friends and relatives coming to help them cross to the other side.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They report an entity or being of light that plays their life review and every second that they have lived, but not judgmentally.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The beings of light are always described as full of love.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They are often told to return to their bodies and that their time on earth is not yet over.   Often there is a reluctance to return.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On their return they find words difficult to express the magnitude of the experience that they felt.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There views on life after death, tend to be radically altered and fear of death tends to diminish. How many types of NDE are there?    ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are two PNDEs (perceived NDEs, where the person has a suspicion that they are about to die) and UNDEs (unexpected NDEs, where the person is quite shocked to find themselves in a near death situation). Is the experience the same for both?  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   No PNDEs tend to be associated with an accompanied journey with deceased loved ones to another world with another body replacing the one left behind. UNDEs are associated more with near fatal falls, electric shocks or drowning to elicit a response.   From here the person usually has a flashback of their life accompanied by feelings of happiness or peace.   There are not usually reports of a body instead feelings of just being that the person becomes pure thought or mind.   There is often a sudden return to their physical body. Is Astral Projection a popular topic on your website? Yes my monitoring software suggests that it is very popular. Do you have any good reference sources? Yes please visit my website and view astral projection alternatively see below. Sources: Any excerpts for this FAQ section taken from a book by >Richard Craze A Beginners Guide to Astral Projection by Hodder Stoughton 1999 ISBN: 0340 737557 Afterlife Knowledge   College of Psychic Studies International Association for Near Death Studies Life After Life Raymond A. Moody PhD. M.D.   Near Death Experiences HYPERLINK http://www.near-death.com/HYPERLINK http://www.near-death.com/ The Afterlife    Society for Psychical Research  

Brain death determination

Brain Death Determination When the brain has a lack of oxygen, even for a few minutes, it could lead to loss of brain functions such as a gradual loss level of consciousness or a complete loss of consciousness causing the person to slip into a coma. In the most profound cases, irreversible brain damage and death occurs. Oxygen deficiency can by caused by many things, such as; a brain injury, fall from height, traffic accidents, heart failure, stroke or some neurological disease. That may cause irreversible loss of the brain cells performance.The medical term for insufficient oxygenation to the brain is referral Anglia. Historically, before recent technology the scientists defined death only when the heartbeat and breathing stopped. Afterward, the idea of brain death was announced in 1959 by French neurologists' Moldable and Gluon. They determined this state as â€Å"beyond coma† (D*mice et al. , 2004). Then after around ten years, within the medical community the development o f many types of equipment became available which aided in increasing the longevity of individuals with serious injuries to the brain.Some examples of these devices are ventilators to maintain respiration and heart monitors. These innovations in medicine made the concept of brain death clearer by closely showing the relationship between the respirations or heartbeat and brain. These innovations in the medical field guided the Harvard Medical School Committee to clarify that idea in 1968 (Sass, 2014). After that, it was medically defined as permanent loss of all brain functions, including cerebrum and brain stem due to total death of brain neurons that is caused by decrease of blood flow and oxygenation into the brain (ibid).This essay will discuss the main brain regions that have immediate cause of brain death and their functions, including the required tests of these regions, both clinical and confirmatory, for instance, the Electroencephalogram. The brain carries two major parts, c erebrum and brain stem. When they have any cause of damaged that might be a final result in brain death. Each one has primary roles in a person's life, because they are responsible for the main operations in human survival, especially the regulation of cardiac and respiratory functions.The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and divided into two hemispheres (Fall & Bergman, 1998). There are main functions for he brain cerebrum without them no human can live. It is important to be concerned with functional specialization of different regions of the cerebrum to guide the treatment of the physician and assists them in making the right diagnosis. The cerebrum has a large primary sensory area, which is responsible for general sensation, for example, smell, vision, and hearing.The motor area is responsible for controlling the skeletal muscles, and the association area of the cortex has operations similar to the sensory areas but more complicated such as behavior, communication and i ntellect (ibid). Secondly, the brain stem is located in the posterior division of the brain and connected to the spinal cord. Beside that it includes three significant parts; medulla obbligato, pens and mandarin. Each one controls principal performance and it is the pathway of sending and receiving sensory information signals from the body to the brain.It has other important functions that have a major affect on a person such as regulation of the respiratory system, consciousness, alertness and awareness (Kiering & Barr, 2009). In general, both cerebrum and brain stem damage may end a arson's life because they contain all the regulation centers for all of the most critical functions that are needed to sustain life. There are many criteria to diagnose brain death. Each country has their organization, but there are general rules and guidelines in determining brain death for patients worldwide.There are important tools to consider when deciding whether the patient is dead or not, befor e the process of diagnosis of death by the criteria. The first tool is a person who is approaching the protocol of brain death qualified? For example, an ICC physician, an anesthesiologist, an internist, a neurosurgeon or a neuron physician are allowed and qualified to perform the tests because they have studied and trained to diagnose brain death, but a dermatologist or an ophthalmologist they have not done training on that.Although, they need to know the state of the patient and must be in a coma with ventilator support and the cause of their comatose condition must be rolled out, for instance, Head trauma, Cardiovascular hemorrhage, cerebral Anglia or primary brain tumor. Next, the cause of brain damage must be clarified six hours before tarring brain functions evaluation. Finally, the patient should not be hypothermia and body temperature has to be above 34 C or 32 C in some countries protocol and the person should not be under sedatives, muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant†¦ E tc Drugs for at least the previous five days. When these tools completed correctly the physician can start the diagnosis in following exam steps. The first clinical examination is to confirm that the patient is in a coma and to make sure a patient is not having any seizure activity in the brain. Furthermore, the physician needs to test he absence of motor response by painful stimulation for both hands and feet. It is required to do these evaluation exams on the standard method before starting the brain stem reflexes test because each exam depends on the previous one to give correct final result.Once the physician has done from the previous evaluation he will start the brain stem reflexes tests, which called the first clinical examination. These are five different exams and begin with papillary response. The light stimulation to test the pupil response by bright beam of light on both eyes, for example, a pen alights. Also, corneal reflex is involuntary blinking and has to be tested v ia a wisp of cotton wool to touch the cornea. Thirdly, cool-cephalic reflex it does perform by moving the head to a different direction and monitor the retina changes during the head movements.Fourthly, vestibule-ocular reflex this another test to activated eye movements by injecting both ears about 50 ml of ice-cold water or saline for adult, but children, less than 20 ml may be used. After all, upper and lower airways stimulation is produce either gagging or coughing. Furthermore, this exam's purpose or provoke the pharynx and trachea. For instance, using catheter leads down to reach into the pharynx and the trachea (Saudi center of organ transplantation, 2009). Accordingly, all those brain stem tests should result an absent responses to declare brain stem death.After finalization of the first examination, it's recommended to not start the second clinical test before 6 hours from the time of first exam end for an adult and after 12 hours for children (above 1 year),24 hours for in fants (above 60 days-I year) and 48 hours for neonate (7 days-60 days). Therefore to have enough mime to perform the confirmatory tests, such as Electroencephalogram (EGG) which is a machine that has 21 electrodes connected to the skull to cover all the brain regions and measures the electrical activity of the brain (ibid).In fact, the EGG and other confirmatory tests are optional in some countries but it is often helpful for the physician to prove that the brain is permanently damaged by having more than one test that confirms his diagnosis and prognosis. The next clinical exam is apneas; it is done to indicate the failure of involuntary respiration. This exam has a specific rotator to perform it, such as an increase the inspired fraction of oxygen without changing the ventilation rate, disconnect the patient from the ventilator for 10 minutes and supply a continuous flow of humidified air.These procedures are done to detect if there is any attempt for the patient to breathe (ibid) . Another test that is sensitive in analyzing the circulation in the brain is transitional Doppler (ETC) this examination detects the velocity of the blood that's circulating in the blood vessels supplying oxygen-rich blood to the brain. It uses ultrasonic waves that are focused onto a beam that is directed at different depths and angles by an experienced operator. The technologist uses sites on the skull where the bone is relatively thin and relatively close to the major vessels whose blood flow velocities are critical.One major vessel that supplies the brain is the Middle Cerebral Artery (MAC). When the blood flow circulation is compromised to the extent that survivability is not possible the ETC shows reverberating waveforms as the blood ceases to flow in it's normal direction and instead is ineffectually regurgitating back and forth without flow in espouse to the heart contraction. Later there are systolic spikes that indicate some increased pressure in the vessel with heart con traction but without effective flowing of blood through the vessel.The last signal that is compatible with brain death is a loss of signal entirely indicating no activity in the vessel and no recordable blood flow in the critical vessels of the brain. In conclusion, the concept of brain death has developed with period of the medical field improvements. The absence of a rich uninterrupted supply of oxygen is imperative to supply the brain and maintain unconsciousness and provide for the populations of neurons to continue to function properly.Trauma, disorders and diseases which impair circulation in the cerebral cortex and brain stem bring about a cascading assortment of symptoms that if not reversed results in death. The protocols and guidelines for brain death determination have been established for the safety of the patient to distinguish between patients who have suffered a life-threatening insult, but who may recover and those unfortunate individuals in whom there is no hope for recovery.

The Theory Of Self And Identity Essay - 1805 Words

The idea of self and identity is highly intricate, and the self can either be one of three options: the self is private, constructive, or a mixture of both. In the private viewpoint, the self is static, founded on a set number of traits, values, and dispositions that will not change with time. The constructivist theory argues that the self is changeable by nature and changes based on varying circumstances.Then, there is the mixture idea, that these separate opposing ideas are connected, as the way the self is developed and reflected upon is based on how the brain and individual thoughts develop. This is highlighted in Gopnik’s statement that, â€Å"Ourselves shape our brains at least as much as our brains our selves† (Gopnik 2). When reflecting on Gopnik’s article more it seems only logical to think that some parts of the self is constructed, whereas other parts are private, and this completely depends on the environment of the child. Parenting styles is one of those environmental aspects, and it largely impacts how a child’s socioemotional, and language skills develop, which in turn has a ripple effect on how the child ultimately views their own personality and self. The most telling test to measure socioemotional development of a child is through attachment, and the most successful way to measure this is through the strange experiment. Children are classed as insecure-resistant, insecure-disorganized, insecure-avoidant, or secure based on how they behave during theShow MoreRelatedLabeling Theory And Self Identity1155 Words   |  5 PagesLabeling theory holds that individuals come to identify and act as per their labels. The major tenet of this theory is that the behavior and self-identity of individuals is affected by the way they are described by other people (Vold, Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, 2016). 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A writerRead MoreA Soc iological Approach On Self And Identity984 Words   |  4 PagesStets and Burke’s essay, â€Å"A Sociological Approach to Self and Identity†, there are many ways to view identities, interactions that influence those views in society, and the importance of commitment to identities. One main point in Stets and Burke’s essay are the many different views of the identity theories. The first view on identity is the collective view which is a particular group that focuses mainly on beliefs, and customs. This theory does not allow for tests in change or social interactionRead MoreThe Theory Of Personal Identity988 Words   |  4 Pagesobvious but yet it again it is not as we must be able to define what and who our enduring self is. In this paper, I will argue that we should identify ourselves through our individual soul, thus supporting the same soul theory. By having the same soul, we are the same person. I will support this argument by giving a brief overview of all the theories of personal identity then stating the objection of the same soul theory using the same body and same mind theorist. Last but not least, I will then respond